Waterproof joint



Nov. 7, 1933.

WATERPROOF JOINT Filed Jan. 13, 1932 OzConsiracia'orz;

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Patented Nov. 7, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT FFHQE 4 Claims.

This invention relates to new and improved expansion-contraction waterproof joints at the junction of adjacent sections of cementitious walls, including floors, vertical walls and the 5 like. The concrete floors and walls of relatively small size buildings, which floors or walls are usually constructed in one section, can be rendered waterproof in a generaly satisfactory manner by applying a cementitious waterproofing medium to the exposed face thereof to form a continuous covering or topping thereover. The floors and walls of larger buildings, however, are of such extensive areas that they must be constructed in sections having joints at their junctions, and it has been found that leakage frequently occurs at these joints even when the entire surface has been covered with a,continuous waterproof topping, the reason being that contraction of the sections causes these joints to open up and at the same time crack the relatively thin and rigid waterproof topping. My invention herein has for its primary object the construction of an expansion-contraction waterproof joint at the junction of these sections which will render the joints waterproof regardless of expansion or contraction of the sections.

My'invention anticipates the opening up of the joint between sections of the concrete or other cementitious wall and contemplates the use of a waterproof composition, preferably of asphalt or other suitable material, so constructed and embodied therein that such action of the joint is permitted without permitting leakage thereby. It should be furthermore stated that the improved joint in no manner limits oraffects the continuous topping or coating on the wall but that such topping covers and preferably rests on and holds in place the composition which forms the waterproof joint. The invention is applicable to both the formation of new walls and the repairing of previously formed walls, all of which is hereinafter described, it being understood that the term wall or walls is herein used broadly to indicate floors, vertical walls and the like.

These and other features of the invention will be best understood and appreciated from the following description of a preferred embodiment thereof, selected for purposes of illustration and shown in the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. l is a fragmentary sectional view through the joint of a concrete floor covered with a continuous waterproof topping;

Fig. 2 is a similar view through a like floor embodying my improved expansion-contraction 55 waterproof joint construction; and

(Cl. i2106) Fig. 3 is a fragmenary sectional view of a vertical wall embodying a modified form of my im-= proved joint.

Fig. 4 illustrates a joint somewhat modified from the joint shown in Fig. 2.

Relatively large concrete floors have been formed in sections, as sections 10 and 12 shown in Fig. l of the drawing, the junction of adjacent sections forming a joint 14. The entire top or exposed face has then been covered with a continuous waterproof topping 16 of cementitious material. It has been found that the sections ill and 12 contract and cause the joint 14 to open up, which at the same time cracks the relatively thin and rigid topping 16 and thereby permits leakage through the floor. The purpose of my invention is to provide a new and improved joint at l l which will remain waterproof even though the joint opens up under the said action of the sections 10 and 12. I will now proceed to describe my invention, it being understood that the same may be used to repair old and leaky walls or in the construction of new walls.

In Fig. 2 is illustrated two adjacent floor sections 20 and 22 providing a joint 24 at their junction. In proceeding with the construction of my improved joint as illustrated herein, a recess 28 is formed at the junction 24 extending into the floor from its top and exposed face. The depth of this recess preferably approximates three-tenths to four-tenths of the depth of the floor and has its bottom near the neutral axis thereof where the bending stresses of the floor are at a minimum and where the bending strength is but little affected or impaired by the bending stresses placed on the floor. The size of this recess may vary with varying conditions but I have ordinarily found that a width of approximately one inch is very satisfactory. I then provide a Waterproof packing 28 in the recess and in contact with the walls thereof formed by the sections 20 and 22. The packing is preferably a resilient or flexible waterproof composition, such as is provided by an asphalt material which has elastic properties at low temperatures. composition is furthermore preferably packed tightly into the bottom portion of the recess as illustrated, whereby it becomes bonded to both bottom and sidewalls thereof, the elastic prop,-

erties permitting the packing to stretch without 1-0 being displaced upon the relative slight contracting and separating movement of the sections. This arrangement of the packing leaves the out er portion of the recess open for receiving thereinto a part of th topping 30 of cementitious wa- 110 The terproof material and in placing the topping over the sections a portion 32 thereof is filled into the recess directly in contact with the packing.

The placing of the packing in the position shown in Fig. 2 and above described is very desirable for various reasons, among which may be mentioned the following. First, by having it at a point approximating the neutral axis of the sections, it is less affected by the bending stresses placed upon the sections. Second, the topping has a bond not only along the horizontal plane 34 but also along the side walls 36 'of the recess. This additional bond at 36 aids in holding the packing firmly down onto the bottom wall of the recess and aids in preventing the lifting thereof by water pressure from beneath. The use of the topping over the packing provides a hard continuous and smooth surface for trucking, whereas the exposing of the relatively soft packing at the surface would not only make the topping discontinuous but would leave relatively soft spots or strips therein. The topping 30 may be of any thickness desired but I have ordinarily found that a thickness of inch to 1%, inches is very satisfactory for most purposes.

In Fig. 3 I have illustrated one application of my invention to a vertical wall comprising adjacent sections 40 and 42 forming a joint 44 at their junction. In this case, a V-opening or recess is formed in the exposed face of the wall at the junction 44. I have found that a recess of a depth of two to three inches serves the purpose quite satisfactorily. Suflicient waterproof composition is then packed into the apex portion of the recess to provide a substantial packing 46 in firm contact with the recess walls. The topping 48 is then applied as illustrated and as above described in reference to Fig. 2. I have found that a packing 46 of one inch depth serves the purpose of the invention verysatisfactorily and in vertical walls I may make the topping 48 somewhat thinner, ordinarily to inches in thickness.

In Fig. 4 I have illustrated a further modified form of my invention which is more particularly applicable to floors, and especially where heavy loads are to be trucked over or carried by the floor. floor sections 50 and 52 providing a joint 54 at their junction. A recess provided at the junction and extending into the floor from its ex-' posed face comprises an inner portion 56 and a relatively wider outer portion 58. The inner portion 56 may be of a width substantially the same as the recess 26 in Fig. 2 and the outer portion may be as proportionally wider as is found desirable for the purpose. A packing 62 is provided at the bottom of the recess and the finishing material is packed thereonto to fill the recess and provide the topping 60, as shown. It will be readily appreciated that this construction provides a thicker and stronger cementitious topping at the joint 54 which is adapted to support This construction comprises two adjacent relatively heavy loads without affecting the joint.

The construction, use and advantages of my invention on all cementitious walls is believed to be obvious. In brief, the invention makes it possible to provide watertight joints at the junction of adjacent sections of concrete walls, which joints permit the slight expanding and contracting movements of the sections without disturbing or destroying their watertight function. Thus leakage which has heretofore occurred at the joints of cementitious walls is eliminated by the invention and' one serious objection to the use of a rigid cementitious type of waterproofing on walls of long dimension is removed. It will also be understood that the invention is applicable to the repair of leaky joints or cracks and is in no manner dependent upon whether or not the cracks to be repaired extend in a straight line or otherwise and whether or not the cracks or joints are independent or intersect each other. I desire it to be furthermore understood that reference to the joints at the junctions of adjacent sections of a wall is herein used to cover broadly construction joints or any break in the wallapplicable to the use of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A covered waterproof joint comprising, in combination two relatively adjacent cementitious wall sections providing a joint at their junction and having a recess extending thereinto from the exposed face of the wall, said sections providing the bottom and side walls of the recess, a waterproof packing in the recess in contact with the bottom and side walls formed by said sections and extending over said joint, and a cementitious topping over and in contact with the packing and said sections in a manner enclosing the packing within said sections and topping.

2. A covered waterproof joint comprising, in combination, two relatively adjacent cementitious wall sections inclose proximity to each other at their opposing faces and providing a joint therebetween at such faces, a waterproof packing in contact with a portion of the outer exposed faces of said sections adjacent to said joint and extending over and covering the joint, and a cementitious topping over and in contact with the packing and with the outer exposed faces of the sections in a manner enclosing the packing with- 

